基准信号的低相噪声长距离光纤传输设计

介绍了基准光传输设备的基本组成和原理,指出低相噪长距离光纤传输中的问题所在,并提供了解决问题的方法,即数模混合器件的选择及改进滤波器设计.     

Random-valued impulse noise removal using adaptive dual threshold median filter

Noise detection and its removal is very important in the image processing. Detection of noise is very crucial and significant in random valued impulse noise because it does not hamper the image pixels uniformly. This paper presents a novel and unique concept of adaptive dual threshold for the detection of random valued impulse noise along with simple median filter at noise removal stage. Simulation results shows that an efficient noise detection leads to a superior quality of de-noised image as compared to existing adaptive threshold based image de-noising techniques. Proposed threshold computation is based on averaging of pixel values of window which enhances the PSNR of our system as compared to existing median filter based image de-noising methods.     

Kernel-based fourth-order diffusion for image noise removal

The fourth-order partial differential equations have good performance on noise smoothing and edge preservation without creating blocky effects on smooth regions. However, for low signal-to-noise ratio images, the discrimination between edges and noise is a challenging problem. A novel kernel-based fourth-order diffusion is proposed in this paper. It introduces a kernelized gradient operator in the fourth-order diffusion process, which leads to more effective noise removal capability. Experiment results show that this method outperforms several previous anisotropic diffusion methods for noise removal and edge preservation.     

Unrelated toxin–antitoxin systems cooperate to induce persistence

Persisters are drug-tolerant bacteria that account for the majority of bacterial infections. They are not mutants, rather, they are slow-growing cells in an otherwise normally growing population. It is known that the frequency of persisters in a population is correlated with the number of toxin–antitoxin systems in the organism. Our previous work provided a mechanistic link between the two by showing how multiple toxin–antitoxin systems, which are present in nearly all bacteria, can cooperate to induce bistable toxin concentrations that result in a heterogeneous population of slow- and fast-growing cells. As such, the slow-growing persisters are a bet-hedging subpopulation maintained under normal conditions. For technical reasons, the model assumed that the kinetic parameters of the various toxin–antitoxin systems in the cell are identical, but experimental data indicate that they differ, sometimes dramatically. Thus, a critical question remains: whether toxin–antitoxin systems from the diverse families, often found together in a cell, with significantly different kinetics, can cooperate in a similar manner. Here, we characterize the interaction of toxin–antitoxin systems from many families that are unrelated and kinetically diverse, and identify the essential determinant for their cooperation. The generic architecture of toxin–antitoxin systems provides the potential for bistability, and our results show that even when they do not exhibit bistability alone, unrelated systems can be coupled by the growth rate to create a strongly bistable, hysteretic switch between normal (fast-growing) and persistent (slow-growing) states. Different combinations of kinetic parameters can produce similar toxic switching thresholds, and the proximity of the thresholds is the primary determinant of bistability. Stochastic fluctuations can spontaneously switch all of the toxin–antitoxin systems in a cell at once. The spontaneous switch creates a heterogeneous population of growing and non-growing cells, typical of persisters, that exist under normal conditions, rather than only as an induced response. The frequency of persisters in the population can be tuned for a particular environmental niche by mixing and matching unrelated systems via mutation, horizontal gene transfer and selection.     

A robust adaptive weighted constant modulus algorithm for blind equalization of wireless communications systems under impulsive noise environment

A robust adaptive weighted constant modulus algorithm is proposed for blind equalization of wireless communication systems under impulsive noise environment. The influence of the impulsive noise is analyzed based on numerical analysis method. Then an adaptive weighted constant modulus algorithm is constructed to adaptively suppress impulsive noise. Theoretical analysis is provided to illustrate that the proposed algorithm has a robust equalization performance since the impulsive noise is adaptively suppressed. Moreover, the proposed algorithm has stable and quick convergence due to avoidance of large misadjuntment and adoption of large step size. Simulation results are presented to show the robust equalization performance and the fast convergence speed of the proposed algorithm under both impulsive noise and Gaussian noise environments.     

船舶水润滑尾轴承结构设计研究进展

水润滑轴承的结构优化可以有效提高轴承的承载能力、冷却散热、减振降噪和摩擦学性能。在概述船舶水润滑尾轴承的优势和存在问题的基础上,分析归纳水润滑尾轴承内衬结构、内衬的厚度和硬度、轴承间隙、长径比、内衬表面粗糙度等结构设计参数的研究进展;以轴位水润滑尾轴承、内衬多层复合水润滑尾轴承和闭式水润滑尾轴承为例,介绍近年来几种新型水润滑尾轴承的结构设计,指出闭式水润滑尾轴承在内河及沿海船舶上具有广阔的应用前景,是未来的研究重点和发展趋势;建议水润滑尾轴承的研究应从以下方面着手,一是从微纳米尺度研究轴承微观界面润滑机制,二是在考虑轴承参数间耦合作用的基础上对轴承进行多目标优化,三是进一步研究闭式水润滑尾轴承及密封装置材料、结构和辅助装置以及水润滑添加剂,四是研究船舶水润滑尾轴承的设计规范,建立一定范围内精度满足工程需要的轴承设计计算经验公式,以简化轴承设计程序。     

减震隔声降噪地垫的研发

介绍我国分户楼板隔声及其隔声研究现状,详细阐述多层复合结构的减震隔声降噪地垫的结构、性能和安装,减震隔声降噪地垫与木地板配合使用,将其铺装于扫平层的140 mm厚现浇钢筋混凝土楼板之上,经江苏省建工建材检测中心检测,撞击声隔声为61 dB,能很好地满足住宅分户楼板撞击声隔声L'nT,W≤65 dB的要求。     

教室声学环境的分析及改善

对于教室内声学环境的要求,国内及国外一些有关规范都只停留在中频段(500～1 000 Hz)。这样的要求是不够的。在这样的声学环境中,教师健康和学生听课效果均受到影响。文章分析了达到优良室内声学环境的几个重要因素,着重减低低频噪声和控制低频混响时间。利用简单的吸声构件,得到几乎平直的混响时间频率特性。叙述了"掩蔽效应"对中、高频的影响并叙述了"哈斯效应"及在声学处理时要利用有利反射声的注意事项。为得到室内优良的音质环境,提出建议并给出工程实践结果的实例。     

Modeling of an industrial scale hydrodynamic cavitation multiphase reactor for Prileschajew epoxidation

The hydrodynamic cavitation multiphase reactor (HCMR) is emerging as a promising alternative for the intensification of liquid–liquid heterogeneous reactions, but research on HCMR modeling is lacking. In this article, an HCMR model was developed using Prileschajew epoxidation as the model system. First, based on experimental measurements of oil/water two-phase flow downstream of hydrodynamic cavitation devices, semiempirical correlations were proposed to describe the droplet size and droplet size distribution (DSD) as functions of flow conditions and geometry parameters. Then, with boundary conditions calculated by the DSD correlation, a droplet dynamics simulation in a reaction tank was performed by computational fluid dynamics coupled with population balance model to obtain the two-phase interfacial area. Finally, the acquired reactor model was substituted into an overall kinetic model, to simulate the epoxidation reaction in HCMR. Model predictions were verified by experimental results measured on an industrial scale HCMR.     

超声促进Ni/Sn固-液溶解行为

钎焊接头的可靠性主要由界面金属间化合物的形貌及接头微观组织决定,超声辅助钎焊过程中母材溶解行为直接影响接头可靠性。为进一步探明超声对Ni-Sn溶解行为的影响,本文采用浸入实验法对比研究了加载超声和无超声辅助下Ni在Sn中的溶解动力学,通过模拟探明了熔池中声压分布规律,观察了Ni-Sn界面微观组织。上述研究表明,超声作用10 s Ni丝的溶解量与不加超声保温5 min的溶解量相当,表明超声能促进Ni在熔融Sn钎料中的溶解。无超声辅助时,随着保温时间的增加,Ni-Sn界面金属间化合物逐渐增厚,阻碍了Ni与Sn 之间的相互扩散；而在超声空化作用下,Ni-Sn界面处于动态非平衡状态,能促进Ni在液态Sn中不断溶解；同时,在声流作用下界面Ni原子快速迁移至Sn中,在随后的冷却过程中析出大量细长棒状的Ni₃Sn₄金属间化合物。